With any bone fracture there is a risk of developing arthritis, particularly if the articular surface of the bone has been damaged. Physical therapy may include massage, initial passive movement of the elbow, ultrasound, and exercises to restore range of motion and strength. Because of the complexity of the elbow joint it is important to follow medical advice and to perform the recommended exercises regularly. Your doctor or physical therapist will develop a program of rehabilitation exercises, starting at the correct time for your particular injury. This would be worn for two weeks and then changed to a hinged brace to allow range of motion exercises to begin. After surgery the arm would be placed in a long arm cast with the elbow bent at 90 degrees. Damaged soft tissues would be trimmed or reattached as necessary. During surgery the bone pieces are realigned and held in position with orthopedic fixing devices such as screws, pins or plates. The best results are achieved with a technique called open reduction internal fixation. Type II, III, and IV fractures require surgery. Pain medication, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and icing of the elbow would continue to provide relief. Following reduction, the elbow would be placed in a sling, with perhaps a few days wearing a splint as well. If there is no displacement, there is no need for manipulation. If the patient is an adult and the degree of bone displacement is less than 2 mm, the doctor will attempt to realign the bone without the need for surgery. Type I fractures are usually treated conservatively (non-operatively). The wound would be thoroughly cleaned and any repair to the bone or soft tissues performed at the same time. If a bone fragment has pierced the skin (a compound fracture) there is a serious risk of infection so surgery would be immediate. The elbow will be placed in a splint and supported in a sling. The method used will depend on the type of fracture.įirst aid will consist of applying ice to the elbow to relieve swelling, and administering pain medication. The aim of treatment is to regain maximum function and stability of the elbow joint. If damage to soft tissues such as ligaments is suspected, CT (computed tomography) scans of the elbow may also be taken. Several will taken of the elbow from different angles to aid diagnosis and ensure that any other bone injuries are discovered. The blood and nerve supply will be carefully checked as several nerves and blood vessels pass through the elbow joint. Your wrist will be checked for injury as wrists are often damaged at the same time as an elbow injury. The doctor will probably do some passive tests (the doctor moves your arm for you) to assess the stability of the elbow joint ligaments. You will be asked to try to straighten your arm and move your hand. He or she will gently palpate (touch) your elbow, feeling for signs of fracture or dislocation. The doctor will ask you about the circumstances of your injury.
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The first thing you will see upon opening the app is the window that says Choose a Project. Don’t worry about doing this yourself because the app will take you to this window when you’re getting started.Ĭreating a Project Screenshot from GarageBand This will indicate that you are giving it permission to access your files and make changes to your audio settings. You may have to go to your settings, click on the padlock icon, enter your Mac’s password if you have one, and tick the checkbox beside GarageBand. To get started, click Allow on the prompt when you launch the app. When you first launch GarageBand, you will have to give the app permission to access your libraries and folders. If you don’t have it on your device or have uninstalled it for some reason, you can download it from the App Store. The app is created and designed by Apple so it comes preinstalled on your Mac most of the time. However, we will briefly touch on its other features like connecting your sound instruments. GarageBand Tutorial for Mac: How to Edit Your Recordings Like a ProĪs mentioned, this tutorial is focused on editing already recorded audio. You can create your own soundtracks like a professional DJ or add background music to voice narrations if you want to start a podcast. It has a sound studio where you can edit your music: create loops, add sound effects, clean up vocals, and all that you could ask for in audio editing software. It’s a great tool if you want to add your original music when creating or editing videos on iMovie. You can also connect additional equipment like microphones, amplifiers, external equalizers, and your own instruments to enhance your recordings. It has a collection of virtual musical instruments like piano, guitar, violins, etc. GarageBand is loaded with music creation and editing features-enough for it to be a standalone app for music designers and composers. What Is GarageBand? Screenshot from the App Store GarageBand Tutorial for Mac: How to Edit Your Recordings Like a Pro. Software encoders work with your computer’s operating system, so encoding isn’t the primary function. The main difference that sets hardware and software encoders apart-and the characteristic that allows video hardware encoders to perform more effectively-is that hardware encoding devices have the sole purpose of encoding. Both kinds of HD live streaming encoders take RAW video files and convert them into digital files, allowing you to stream video content online. While hardware and software encoders are slightly different they function similarly.
Users of MySpace (694) and Facebook (648) have a statistically similar number of social ties. While the average person who uses a SNS has about the same number of social ties as the average American, there is considerable variation by SNS platform. Self-selection for social networking site platforms means that LinkedIn and Twitter users have larger overall networks. In addition, mobile phone users average 664 ties, and those who have internet access through a mobile device like a smartphone or tablet computer tend to have about 717 ties. The average person who uses the Internet at home several times per day, has a network of 732 ties, while someone who uses the Internet only once a day has a network of 616 ties. Similarly, the more frequently someone uses the internet, the larger his network tends to be. average cell phone user has 664 social ties.average internet user has 669 social ties, compared with non-users, who have an average of 506 ties.average American has an overall network of 634 social ties. Census.] Scaling up using this method, we found that the (see Appendix B, Table B1, for a detailed table): We used data on the popularity of first names provided by the U.S. To maximize the accuracy of our estimate we did four things: 1) we asked about subpopulations that have high recall – people’s first names, 2) we chose names that represent between 0.1%-0.2% of the population – subpopulation sizes that has been found to minimize recall errors, 3) we used a relatively large number of subpopulations – 12 unique names, 4) and we selected a balance of male and female names that were popular at different time periods – they roughly balance each other out in terms of likelihood of exposure over time and minimize any bias as a result of age and gender. The third is knowledge of a large number of subpopulations, and the fourth is exposure or social mixing (e.g., older women may have been exposed to more people named “Rose,” than, say, younger men). The second is recall accuracy (e.g, people tend to overestimate the number of people they know from small subpopulations and underestimate from larger ones). The first is network knowledge (e.g., you may know someone, but not know they are a mailman). This assumption is generally true, but can be further adjusted to increase accuracy, which depends on four other factors. 4 This approach assumes that the composition of people’s social networks mirrors the presence of a specific subpopulation in society (e.g., if one out of 100 people in the population have a characteristic, 1/100 people in a person’s network should share this same characteristic). If we know the size of a subpopulation from publicly available statistics, such as how many mailmen there are or how many people there are named “Rose,” and we know how many people a person knows from this subpopulation, we can make an accurate estimate of a person’s total network size. The method is based on the knowledge that the people a person comes to know in a lifetime are made up of various subpopulations (e.g., categories of people, such as family, doctors, mailmen, people named “Rose,” etc). This approach has been embraced by social network analysts and its history and rationale are described in Appendix D. The approach that we use is called the “scale-up method”. However, social scientists have developed methods for estimating the size of people’s networks. This makes it very difficult to measure people’s total network size. It is nearly impossible for most people to reliably list all of the people they know. This includes a handful of very close social ties and a much large number of weaker ties. Most Americans overall networks contain a range of social ties that consist of friends, family, coworkers, and other acquaintances. Looking at people’s overall social networks, not just their online ties, the average American has 634 ties in their overall network, and technology users have bigger networks. Here below are our findings on all of this. Others believe this might enrich and expand relationships. Some worry that as a result of using these services, people may become more isolated and substitute less meaningful relations for real social support. Those who are listed as friends on SNS may indeed be friends in the traditional sense, but they can also be old acquaintances (e.g., from high school) or very casual connections between people who have never have met in person. Much has been made of the use of the word “friend” in this context. Social networking sites (SNS) provide people with the opportunity to friend members of their overall network of family members, coworkers, and other acquaintances. The average American has 634 ties in their overall network, and technology users have bigger networks. |
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